The Scarlet Letter essay: Why was Dimmesdale’s Suffering Worse Than Hester’s?

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s greatest secret is his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale feared that his soul could not bear the shame of such a disclosure because of his status as an important moral figure in society. As a result, he keeps his identity a secret as Hester is publicly ridiculed for their act of adultery. Despite his choice of guilt over shame, Mr.Dimmesdale’s private self-inflicted inner turmoil that is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, ate away at his physical being and mental state, causing much greater suffering than Hester’s public shame of the scarlet letter. Much of the suffering, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale endures is self-inflicted due to the immense weight of his guilty conscience. Fearing that he would not be able to bear the punishment from the public, he chose to remain anonymous in his sins. In doing so, he underestimated the amount of psychologica l torture and suffering he would endure by his own hand.By only confessing to himself, he does not fulfill the requirements of repentance, for there is no one to forgive him but himself. He does not allow his conscience to be cleansed, and therefore must live with his sins. His emotional pain leads him to inflict pain with a â€Å"bloody scourge†, which he had often â€Å"plied on his own shoulders†(99). He inflicts great physical pain in addition to his mental torture. In the early Christian church, self-flagellation was imposed as a means of penance and purification for disobedient clergy and laity.In the bible, Proverbs relates that blows â€Å"cleanse away evil† and stripes wash the heart (Prov 20:30). He is trying to redeem and cleanse himself without confession, but this is impossible. Through this self-mutilation, he attempts to relieve his mental pain by inflicting self pain; he find this unsatisfying because he still neglects to partake in the most impo rtant aspect of redemption, confession. He also rigorously fasts, as another attempt to cleanse his soul. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast, – not, however, like them†¦Ã‚  but rigorously, and until his knees trembled beneath him, as an act of penance†(99).Religiously, fasting is commonly used as a form of purification and focus on spirituality. Once again, he uses bodily pain as an attempt to relieve his mental suffering. By participating in this unsuccessful cleansing, he only subjects himself to greater psychological torture; what he studied and knew to be a cure of guilt and sin only amplifies his own. The situation becomes hopeless when his ways fail him, and this eats away at his religious beliefs, which are the basis of his entire life.He faces an entire identity crisis, and this is something Hester never had to endure. Yes, she withstood her own share of loneliness and suffering, but ne ver to the extreme where she turned to self-mutilation to relieve herself. He attempts to redeem his tarnished soul through various acts of contrition, but all is in vain because it is all done without a confession. His torture is all within himself; he is his own shunning, gossiping townspeople and his own rock-flinging children. There is nowhere for him to hide.He is fully absorbed by his sins and they eat away at him. Hester, who’s publicly tortured by others while in town, though it might be equally as hurtful at that time, is still lesser than Dimmesdale’s suufering. Hester has an escape route. She has the refuge of her home outside of town, where she can get away from the gossip and scorn. She also publicly embraces her accountability in the affair, which allows her to accept the punishment, move on, and make something good out of it. Hester becomes a maternal figure for the community as a result of her experiences.She cares for the poor and brings them food and clothing. By the end of the novel, the shame of the scarlet letter is long gone. She doesn’t owe anything to the townspeople anymore. Some even forget what the scarlet A stands for. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, as a well-respected minister, stands at the center of his community, being the advocate of religious and moral standards of that Puritan society. He must remain in town, outwardly preaching to others about piety and remaining sinless, and internally feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale realizes his fault in hiding his sin, but his desire to repent is repeatedly overcome by his craving for public approval. He is their moral compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual condition. Because of Dimmesdale’s decision to remain anonymous, he unconsciously creates a duality in personality within himself that results in the deterioration of his mental well-being.Dimmesdale, as the revered town minister, must keep up this dichotomy in personality; he is constantly praised for his goodness and asked for moral and spiritual advice, while he is tumultuous inside. Hester is free to be whom she pleases. The townspeople do not believe Dimmesdale’s protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his fondness for rhetorical speech, Dimmesdale’s congregation generally interprets his sermons metaphorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt.He plays the literal meaning of his words off against the context in which he speaks them. Dimmesdale's tone of voice, his position as minister, his reputation as a saintly man, and the genre of the sermon allow him to say, â€Å"I am the greatest sinner among you,† but be understood to be humble, pious, and godly. His inner self is desperately trying to confess, but his self concerned with public appearance only allows him to do it in a way that he won t be taken literally. He is essentially at war with himself.By remaining secret, Dimmesdale doomed himself to much greater suffering than if he were to be publicly condemned with Hester because he subjected himself to years of self-torture and an unyielding quest for unobtainable repentance. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture amplifies the pain of the sin, causing much greater suffering than Hester who only interacted with the doctor on sparse occasions. As his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient of human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul.Under the guise of a new doctor in town with wholesome intentions towards the young minister and his health, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together forming very peculiar codependent relationship. Chillingworth needs Dimmesdale to nourish his intellect and to be the object of his obsessive desire that he can control and ultimately destroy; Dimme sdale needs Chillingworth to keep his guilt alive, the constant provoking from the doctor for Dimmesdale to reveal his inner sin forces Dimmesdale to be constantly reminded of his transgressions. Chillingworth is like a leech. He sucks Mr.Dimmesdale’s life force out of sick need for reparation for Dimmesdale’s actions against him. Dimmesdale is subconsciously aware of his dependence of Chillingworth, for he cannot and does not break away. Their relationship is described in this quote, â€Å"Nevertheless, time went on; a kind of intimacy, as we have said, grew up between these two cultivated minds, which had as wide a field as the whole sphere of human thought and study to meet upon; they discussed every topic of ethics and religion, of public affairs, and private character; they talked much, on both sides, of matters that seemed personal to themselves..â€Å"(P#). Chillingworth lived and thrived off the pain and guilt he constantly inflicted on Dimmesdale, and in a t wisted way Dimmesdale relied on this psychological torture to further his self-inflicted search for forgiveness. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture intensifies Dimmesdale’s suffering, causing Dimmesdale to endure vastly more than Hester who was able to avoid the evil doctor. Some argue that it was Hester who suffered the most throughout the novel. They say that because of her crime Hester became secluded from the other people in her society.They exemplify this with the quote, â€Å"Who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impress as if they beheld her for the first time was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. â€Å"(61). She became lonely, and the scarlet letter was a burden that Hester had to carry everyday of her life, and the symbol, which secluded her from any other human being.It caused Hester to be ostracized, but Dimmesdale's cowardice in not confessing lead ultimately, to his death. Hester had a horrible punishment: she had to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of her life. But Dimmesdale's internal struggle with his own cowardice and guilt was far worse than a scarlet letter. He suffered the most as he constantly punished himself for his sin. Although Hester suffered the public punishment she dealt with it well and took it in stride, ultimately creating a positive role for herself in the community and transforming the meaning of the scarlet letter.She was able to make amends and in time through good deeds, change the meaning of the scarlet letter from â€Å"adulteress† to â€Å"able†. Dimmesdale on the other hand, has to always bear their sin inside of him never allowing it to become public. He was never given the opportunity to make peace with himself. Instead of taking his penance publicly he does it private ly. He was forced to continue to bear his private shame, while Hester was able to make peace with herself because she was strong enough to take her punishment, and grow despite of it.Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to ease painful feelings of guilt. Arthur Dimmesdale's choice of guilt over shame led him to experience a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. Hester admitted to her sin and had a clear conscience, which allowed her to move on with her life and grow as a person. Mr. Dimmesdale’s choice of anonymity in not confessing his wrongdoing to the public, led to his suffering through the guilt of his sin, a pain that was only aggravated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, and ultimately resulted in his painful and tragic death. The Scarlet Letter essay: Why was Dimmesdale’s Suffering Worse Than Hester’s? In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s greatest secret is his sin of adultery with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale feared that his soul could not bear the shame of such a disclosure because of his status as an important moral figure in society. As a result, he keeps his identity a secret as Hester is publicly ridiculed for their act of adultery.Despite his choice of guilt over shame, Mr.  Dimmesdale’s private self-inflicted inner turmoil that is exacerbated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, ate away at his physical being and mental state, causing much greater suffering than Hester’s public shame of the scarlet letter. Much of the suffering, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale endures is self-inflicted due to the immense weight of his guilty conscience. Fearing that he would not be able to bear the punishment from the public, he chose to remain anonymous in his sins. In doing so, he underestimated the amount of psycholog ical torture and suffering he would endure by his own hand.By only confessing to himself, he does not fulfill the requirements of repentance, for there is no one to forgive him but himself. He does not allow his conscience to be cleansed, and therefore must live with his sins. His emotional pain leads him to inflict pain with a â€Å"bloody scourge†, which he had often â€Å"plied on his own shoulders†(99). He inflicts great physical pain in addition to his mental torture. In the early Christian church, self-flagellation was imposed as a means of penance and purification for disobedient clergy and laity.In the bible, Proverbs relates that blows â€Å"cleanse away evil† and stripes wash the heart (Prov 20:30). He is trying to redeem and cleanse himself without confession, but this is impossible. Through this self-mutilation, he attempts to relieve his mental pain by inflicting self pain; he find this unsatisfying because he still neglects to partake in the most i mportant aspect of redemption, confession. He also rigorously fasts, as another attempt to cleanse his soul. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast, – not, however, like them†¦But rigorously, and until his knees trembled beneath him, as an act of penance†(99). Religiously, fasting is commonly used as a form of purification and focus on spirituality. Once again, he uses bodily pain as an attempt to relieve his mental suffering. By participating in this unsuccessful cleansing, he only subjects himself to greater psychological torture; what he studied and knew to be a cure of guilt and sin only amplifies his own. The situation becomes hopeless when his ways fail him, and this eats away at his religious beliefs, which are the basis of his entire life.He faces an entire identity crisis, and this is something Hester never had to endure. Yes, she withstood her own share of loneliness and suffering, but ne ver to the extreme where she turned to self-mutilation to relieve herself. He attempts to redeem his tarnished soul through various acts of contrition, but all is in vain because it is all done without a confession. His torture is all within himself; he is his own shunning, gossiping townspeople and his own rock-flinging children. There is nowhere for him to hide.He is fully absorbed by his sins and they eat away at him. Hester, who’s publicly tortured by others while in town, though it might be equally as hurtful at that time, is still lesser than Dimmesdale’s suufering. Hester has an escape route. She has the refuge of her home outside of town, where she can get away from the gossip and scorn. She also publicly embraces her accountability in the affair, which allows her to accept the punishment, move on, and make something good out of it. Hester becomes a maternal figure for the community as a result of her experiences.She cares for the poor and brings them food and clothing. By the end of the novel, the shame of the scarlet letter is long gone. She doesn’t owe anything to the townspeople anymore. Some even forget what the scarlet A stands for. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, as a well-respected minister, stands at the center of his community, being the advocate of religious and moral standards of that Puritan society. He must remain in town, outwardly preaching to others about piety and remaining sinless, and internally feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale realizes his fault in hiding his sin, but his desire to repent is repeatedly overcome by his craving for public approval. He is their moral compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to further internalize his guilt and self-punishment and leads to still more deterioration in his physical and spiritual condition. Because of Dimmesdale’s decision to remain anonymous, he unconsciously creates a duality in personality within himself that results in the deterioration of his mental well-being.Dimmesdale, as the revered town minister, must keep up this dichotomy in personality; he is constantly praised for his goodness and asked for moral and spiritual advice, while he is tumultuous inside. Hester is free to be whom she pleases. The townspeople do not believe Dimmesdale’s protestations of sinfulness. Given his background and his fondness for rhetorical speech, Dimmesdale’s congregation generally interprets his sermons metaphorically rather than as expressions of any personal guilt.He plays the literal meaning of his words off against the context in which he speaks them. Dimmesdale's tone of voice, his position as minister, his reputation as a saintly man, and the genre of the sermon allow him to say, â€Å"I am the greatest sinner among you,† but be understood to be humble, pious, and godly. His inner self is desperately trying to confess, but his self concerned with public appearance only allows him to do it in a way that he won t be taken literally. He is essentially at war with himself.By remaining secret, Dimmesdale doomed himself to much greater suffering than if he were to be publicly condemned with Hester because he subjected himself to years of self-torture and an unyielding quest for unobtainable repentance. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture amplifies the pain of the sin, causing much greater suffering than Hester who only interacted with the doctor on sparse occasions. As his name suggests, Roger Chillingworth is a man deficient of human warmth. His twisted, stooped, deformed shoulders mirror his distorted soul.Under the guise of a new doctor in town with wholesome intentions towards the young minister and his health, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together forming very peculiar codependent relationship. Chillingworth needs Dimmesdale to nourish his intellect and to be the object of his obsessive desire that he can control and ultimately destroy; Dimme sdale needs Chillingworth to keep his guilt alive, the constant provoking from the doctor for Dimmesdale to reveal his inner sin forces Dimmesdale to be constantly reminded of his transgressions. Chillingworth is like a leech. He sucks Mr.Dimmesdale’s life force out of sick need for reparation for Dimmesdale’s actions against him. Dimmesdale is subconsciously aware of his dependence of Chillingworth, for he cannot and does not break away. Their relationship is described in this quote, â€Å"Nevertheless, time went on; a kind of intimacy, as we have said, grew up between these two cultivated minds, which had as wide a field as the whole sphere of human thought and study to meet upon; they discussed every topic of ethics and religion, of public affairs, and private character; they talked much, on both sides, of matters that seemed personal to themselves..†(P#).Chillingworth lived and thrived off the pain and guilt he constantly inflicted on Dimmesdale, and in a tw isted way Dimmesdale relied on this psychological torture to further his self-inflicted search for forgiveness. The role of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torture intensifies Dimmesdale’s suffering, causing Dimmesdale to endure vastly more than Hester who was able to avoid the evil doctor. Some argue that it was Hester who suffered the most throughout the novel. They say that because of her crime Hester became secluded from the other people in her society.They exemplify this with the quote, â€Å"Who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impress as if they beheld her for the first time was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself. â€Å"(61). She became lonely, and the scarlet letter was a burden that Hester had to carry everyday of her life, and the symbol, which secluded her from any other human being.It caused Hester to be ostracized, but Dimmesdale's cowardice in not confessing lead ultimately, to his death. Hester had a horrible punishment: she had to wear a scarlet letter for the rest of her life. But Dimmesdale's internal struggle with his own cowardice and guilt was far worse than a scarlet letter. He suffered the most as he constantly punished himself for his sin. Although Hester suffered the public punishment she dealt with it well and took it in stride, ultimately creating a positive role for herself in the community and transforming the meaning of the scarlet letter.She was able to make amends and in time through good deeds, change the meaning of the scarlet letter from â€Å"adulteress† to â€Å"able†. Dimmesdale on the other hand, has to always bear their sin inside of him never allowing it to become public. He was never given the opportunity to make peace with himself. Instead of taking his penance publicly he does it privatel y. He was forced to continue to bear his private shame, while Hester was able to make peace with herself because she was strong enough to take her punishment, and grow despite of it.Suffering is commonly seen as an unconscious effort to ease painful feelings of guilt. Arthur Dimmesdale's choice of guilt over shame led him to experience a great deal of physical and emotional suffering. Hester admitted to her sin and had a clear conscience, which allowed her to move on with her life and grow as a person. Mr. Dimmesdale’s choice of anonymity in not confessing his wrongdoing to the public, led to his suffering through the guilt of his sin, a pain that was only aggravated by the tortures of Roger Chillingworth, and ultimately resulted in his painful and tragic death.

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Synthesis of Acetanilide By: Rick Whitely April 9, 2013 Organic Chemistry Lab 1; Professor J. Hutchison Recrystallization is a common method of purifying organic substances through the differences in solubility at different temperature. In this experiment, acetanilide was produced by acetylation of aniline with acetic anhydride. The crude acetanilide was dissolved in a solvent in a heated water bath. The solution was cooled slowly in an ice bath as crystals form out.As the compound crystallizes from the solution, the limiting reagent Aniline and the percent yield of 96% was obtained. Introduction: This experiment involves four functional groups common in organic chemistry. The substrate (reactants) which are Aniline and Acetic anhydride are both liquids and one of the products is solid (Acetanilide). The reaction of aniline with acetic anhydride is a transformation in which products acetanilide and acetic acid are obtained. A solid product (Acetanilide) is obtained so that it may be recrystallized and a melting point determined.The Reaction: Aniline (C6H5NH2) + acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) Acetanilide (C8H9NO) + acetic acid (C2H4O2) Results and Discussion: Amines can be treated (Acylated, adding a Carbonyl and losing a proton) using Acetic Anhydride as a source of an â€Å"Acyl† group to form an Amide. The Synthesis of Acetanilide (an Amide) through a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (addition / elimination) reaction between Aniline (an Amine) is acting as the Nucleophile and an Acyl group from Acetic Anhydride acting as the Electrophile.The Mechanism: The desired product is isolated from its impurities by differences in solubility. Soluble impurities remain in the cold solvent after recrystallization. The desired product should be as soluble as possible in hot solvent and as insoluble as possible in cold solvent. The selection of solvent is therefore critical to the successful recrystallization which in this experiment, water was used as the solvent because of its solubility. The calculated percent yield was 96%. Procedures: Acetic anhydride (1mL, 10. 8) was added in several small portions along with 6 mL of deionized water to (0. 1 g, 1. 08 mmol) of aniline. The immediate formation of a solid precipitate was observed. After adding 20mL of deionized water to the mixture, it was then heated until all of the material was dissolved. A crystalline solid was obtained while cooling to room temperature, then filtered and washed with 2mL of chilled water. The material was allowed to dry for approximately 15 minutes and (0. 9795 g, 96%) of Acetanilide was recovered. Calculations: Moles of Aniline: 0. 7 g C6H5NH2 / X x 93. 3 g C6H5NH2 / 1 mole = 0. 7g / 93. 13 g x X 93. 13 g / 93. 13 g = X = . 0075 mol x 1000 = 7. 5 mmol Moles of acetic anhydride: 1. 08 g C4H6O3 / X x 102. 09 g / 1 mol = 1. 08 g / 102. 09 g x X 102. 09 g / 102. 09 g = X = 0. 0106 mol 1 mL x 1. 08 g / 1 mL = 1. 08 g Limiting Reagent: 0. 7 g C6H5NH2 x 1 mol C6H5NH2/93. 13 g = 1 mo l C8H9NO/ 1 mol C6H5NH2 x 135. 17 g C8H9NO/1 mol C8H9NO = 1. 016 g C8H9NO The limiting reagent is Aniline. Mass of product: .9795 g Acetanilide x 1 mol/135. 17 g Acetanilide = 0. 0073 mol Percent Yield: Percent yield =

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Criminal Case Proceedings; Russia vs United States - Essay Example Interestingly, it only deals with constitutionality cases, interpreting the constitution and determining the legal aspect of proceedings regarding presidential impeachment. The court is limited to matters of constitutional law, and its ruling is final (Smith, 2006). Ruling from the court cannot change in any other court. Its facts are based on the Russian constitution and the international law; hence allowing it to implement democratic processes that are recognized globally. Arbitrazh courts were regulated by the Federal Constitution Law of 1995. They are mandated with the settling of both the Russian and foreign disputes relating to the property and other economic assets. In addition, they handle disputes arising between companies and legislation of corporations. They are divided into two; the first tier handles first-time cases while the second tier considers appeals of the first case decisions. Judicial courts are under the umbrella of the Federal Constitution Law of 1996. They are mandated to settle a number of disputes including all criminal cases and family issues. Judicial courts are divided into categories like military courts and the Supreme Court, which overlooks the rulings of other lower courts. Supreme Court also clarifies laws on the proceedings of the court (Smith, 2006). United States judicial system is divided into federal level and state level courts. Above the two courts is the Supreme Court. Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. In addition, the Supreme Court is mandated with final interpretation of the United States Constitution. Federal and state courts handle first-time cases (Stacy, 2013). At state level, there are District County courts and State courts of Appeals. The Supreme Court was formed in 1790. Judicially, it is the highest and final arbiter of law in the United States and protects the constitution. It has the powers to overturn presidential decisions if they contradict

Hart-Devlin Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hart-Devlin Debate - Essay Example However, the law is not against the private lives of people and the activities they undertake in private. Therefore, a law cannot be imposed that interferes with the private lives of people. The report by the committee sparked a reaction from Patrick Devlin. Devlin in his discussion on â€Å"the enforcement of morals† argued that criminal law is not only meant to protect individuals but the entire society. Therefore, if people are engaged in activities that are against the society norms should be criminated. He further argued that criminal law should not only protect criminal activities that directly affect people, but rather should protect society from adverse effects imposed by individuals both in public and in private (Cane 22). Herbert Hart reacted against the argument of Devlin in a radio broadcast. Hart argued with regard to the â€Å"harm principle† by J. S Mills. He argued that the only reason in which power can be correctly exercised over any individual in soci ety against his will is, to ensure no harm imposed to others by the individual (Cane 23). An argumentative debate between the two individuals ensued, both of them believing their side of the argument to be reasonable. Devlin argued that the society supposed to be united by legal and moral conducts. Therefore, any actions that jeopardizes society’s norms should be criminated (Cane 24). The society supposed to impose its morality so that cultural values and believes can be maintained. Hart argued against this argument claiming that Devlin did not provide factual evidence of his arguments. Hart claimed that society norms are widely used; therefore, using them to deny a group of people to conduct their private activities is not respecting the morals of individuals. Some contributions made regarding the subject of law and morals of society (Cane 25). Therefore, in order to establish a valid argument of the case standards ought to be set and difference between harm and moral standa rds should be established. In addition, a relationship between law and morality should also be discussed in details. The debate sparked by the report established by wolfenden committee. The committee was established to put in consideration the law governing prostitution and male homosexual behavior. Nonetheless, the debate that ensued concentrated on the subject of sexual conduct and morals. The committee was discussing the issue of criminal activities with regard to homosexuality. The debate concentrated on criminal law and did not put in consideration other forms of law (Cane 26). The society plays a significant role to play with regard to ensuring the community and the country at large behave accordingly. According to Devlin, the actions of individuals can affect the outlook of the entire society. Therefore, when lawmakers are developing laws they should put into consideration a person’s liberty (Cane 27). In addition, technological advancement is changing overtime; theref ore, it is reasonable enough for the society to come to terms with the changes. Devlin’s view After the committee published its report, Devlin was quick to respond to the report through a public lecture. Devlin argued that morals and laws should go hand in hand. Behavior of an individual does not only affect the individual alone but the entire society (Cane 28). Therefore, legalizing homosexuality is offensive to the society as it goes against the moral standards of the society. the society’s cultural values should be protected by the law. Devlin’s argument meant to protect the society through the

History and uses of carbonnanotubes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History and uses of carbonnanotubes - Essay Example The molecule has been known for the past fifteen years. The molecules were observed by employing high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) (Rakov, 2002). It was referred to carbon nanotubes that were multi walled. The molecules contained two graphic layers and nested as Russian dolls. The molecules have diameters of four 4nm. Two years later Bethune and IBM Almaden research centre colleagues, lijima and ichihashi of NEC created a carbon nanotubes that were single walled. Single walled nanotubes were synthesized in the same way to multi walled carbon nanotubes but some metallic particles were added to the electrodes of carbon. The procedure resulted to the difference in appearance among the two molecules. The individual tubes are looped and curled than straight. Twenty fours ago, the electronic properties of single walled nanotubes were predicted by two different research groups. Their findings revealed that single walled nanotubes can either be semi conducting or metallic depending on their diameter or chirality. The prediction was later confirmed by the various experiments done (Crandall, 2007). Since then a review on synthesis, application, electronic properties, characterization and basic metallic properties of carbon nanotubes have been done. The various properties possessed by carbon nanotubes have made it the most investigated nanostructure materials. The various properties of carbon nanotubes have made companies and researchers to apply them in various fields. The molecule has been applied in the fields of energy. It has been applied as an anode for Li-ion batteries. The carbon nanotubes used, is usually coated with silicon to increase the capacity of the battery to more than ten times. Silicon expansion during the cycle of discharge has resulted to anode damage. The application of nanotubes to the silicon anode is aimed at preventing damage caused (Mordkovich & Karaeva,

Diabetes Patients Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Diabetes Patients - Case Study Example Administration of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics was mainly to manage the presumed cellulitis. The doctors recommended insulin therapy after a series of medication on oral hypoglycaemic drugs. After consultations, the visiting surgeons recommended continued abdominal imaging to the patient. Abdominal imaging however, however, was not possible since the 45-year-old woman was too obese to fit in the CT scan. She could not fit in MRI due to her obesity. The doctors finally treated the woman’s abdominal pain using opiates after thorough medical observation. The current treatment care for the 45 year old woman is the six one after a series of medication and obesity management. The forty-five year old has also been suffering from frequent thirst and urination. Her status worsened six months ago after admission with hyperglycemia and later for a patient care program for management. The 45-year-old woman’s daughter also suffers from obesity. The daughter frequently complains of severe abdominal pain (Blak et al., 2012a, p. 2). Obesity proves to be a serious problem in the modern world. Doctors in United Kingdom hospitals report many cases of obesity caused complications daily. Brunello et al., 2009, p. 2, discusses that obesity is a function of the body mass index. Doctors consider a body mass index greater than 25 kilogram per meters square as an overweight. Information from Management of obesity in adults,† 2004, p. 1 suggest that patients suffering from morbidly obesity have body mass index greater than 40 kilograms per meters square while obese weight patients have a body mass index greater than 30 kilograms per meters square. Obese individuals have higher probabilities of contracting associated illnesses such as diabetes, heart attack or kidney failure, respiratory problems, urinary stress incontinence and cancer. Health research indicates that morbid obese women are infertile. Mahmood and Arulkumaran, 2012, p. 405, elaborates that infertility of such women results from the changing levels of estrogen and progesterone that consequently affects regularity of menstrual cycle and fertility. The forty-year old was overweight, complained of frequent chest pains, and had polyuria symptoms.

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Terrorism - Essay Example Though terrorism has been part of various societies of the globe for the last several centuries, yet the contemporary world has become the most despondent victim of such obnoxious assaults and threats. The horrible victimization of terrorism of the modern world is partly due to the invention of latest dreadful and destructive weapons, techniques and strategies, which has taken the entire world into the awkward clutches of terrorism. Additionally, fast increasing gulf of hatred and detestation between the cultures, faiths and civilizations is also inviting violent clashes and conflicts on the very face of the earth, and the political authorities and governments appear to be helpless in combating with this curse even. Consequently, collective measures are being introduced on the concrete foundations of multicultural and inter-faith co-operation to defeat and crush the widespread terrorist nuisance with collective efforts. The theorists, intellectuals and philosophers blame social injus tices and inequalities as the root-cause behind the expansion of terrorism in the world. They cite Marxist perspective that declares conflict between haves and haves-not as the by-product of chaos, confusion and anarchical state of affairs in human societies. The theorists are of the opinion that rejection of granting opportunities, resources and privileges to the developing countries is creating frustration in the minds of the masses, which always results in the form of violent reaction to the injustices and inequalities observed and promoted by the elite stratum of society on the one hand, and the powerful states of the world on the other. Hence, it is social inequalities that give birth to violent struggle against exploitation. Marx lauded the basic premise that the labor was the source of all wealth, and the profit of the capitalist was based on the exploitation of the laborers. â€Å"The capitalists performed the rather simple trick of paying the workers less than they deserve d, because they received less pay than the value of what they actually produced in a work period.† (Ritzer & Goodman, 2003:22) The modern terrorism is also the part of the same ideology created and implied out of sheer frustration and injustices. The present paper aims to identify the problem of terrorism in the light of the ideology, claimed and presented by various terrorist organizations, where these groups try to justify their actions and violent attacks against their opponent forces and groups to set the haves-not free from the exploitation of capitalism and imperialism. The groups under analysis including Baader-Meinhof of Germany, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam in Sri Lanka, and Iranian state-sponsored terrorism reveal one and the same motif, which has been analyzed in the following lines 1. GERMANY A. Background and Facts related to Creation of RAF: World War I had drawn a clear and indelible boundary line between the nations on the basis of their economic positio n. Consequently, the conflict between the prosperous and poor states started widening to a great extent. The Germans had commenced World War II as revenge against the humiliating terms of Versailles Treaty of 1919, but the War culminated in favor of the capitalist societies, and thus added fuel to fire in the further demarcation between the rich and poor countries. Consequently, many extremist groups raised their heads as reaction to the growing exploitation prevailing in the imperialistic

NEW_Proposal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NEW_Proposal - Case Study Example Their application of modern trends of business is cost effective without any compromise on the customer service. Their understanding of customer's requirement and ability to meet the demands of customer at reasonable cost in lesser time assists them in taking competitive advantage over the rival companies. The challenge QLG is facing that if they fail to act immediately, further reductions to market share and profitability are bound to happen. There will be higher attrition of skilled resources and deterioration in overall performance and profitability in the current business. The proposal to improve the system includes 5 key changes to address the objectives as identified by Queensland Leisure Group executives during the consultation process. These five stages will create positive change in a number of critical areas: Corporate Hierarchy Modification: QLG needs a horizontal and functional business structure that will reduce labour costs and increase flexibility to assist them in responding more quickly to the rapidly changing factors in the environment scan. Modification in Operational Procedure: Modern technology and processes should be used to increase productivity and efficiency in the production department through automating manual operations and applying cost optimization for different processes. Following the analysis that NAHN Cons

The Apostle Paul Essay Example for Free

The Apostle Paul Essay This report paper will be on the life of Paul. We will look at many various different facts about this influential man of God. We all know the apostle Paul was used of God in a miraculous way, but this paper will take a behind the scenes look at some areas. I also endeavor to make this paper come alive and reveal things about the apostle Paul that maybe have never been discovered by the average reader and possibly forgotten by the veteran Christian. The Author of Acts First, let me begin by saying that in Acts class we learned the importance of Acts for the local New Testament church today. When the church is of course if we would just be reminded to get back to the book of Acts then we would see many of our church problems disappear in no time at all. Contrary to what many baby Christians believe the Apostle Paul did not write the Book of Acts, but rather we learn that Luke wrote it. This was Luke’s second treatise as it is written. Paul’s Transition The Apostle Paul that we know at the end of his Epistles is not the same as when we first meet him in the Scriptures. The Apostle Paul came a long way from where he was to where he ended up. The Bible tells us that he would persecute the Church passionately and without regard for the Believers. The Apostle Paul was arguably the world’s most influential missionary (obviously not counting the Lord Jesus) to ever walk planet earth. Paul was not always his name but actually he was called Paul only after his conversion. Paul’s first and original name was Saul. Saul was a terror to the church and a modern day widow maker in his heyday. We even see Saul there early on when Stephen the martyr was being slain by his adversaries. We read the account firsthand in Acts the seventh chapter verse fifty-eight the Bible says: Act 7:58 And cast him out of the city, and stoned him: and the witnesses laid down their clothes at a young mans feet, whose name was Saul. Paul’s Childhood Before we get to far ahead in the story let me give a little bit of history of Saul from Tarsus. Saul was born either very close to the same time that Jesus was born or within a few years of His birth. He was born and lived in the city of Tarsus. Tarsus was a roman providence in the southeast of Asia Minor. This undoubtedly was beautiful lush gardens and beautiful scenery for Saul to enjoy growing up. Paul’s Schooling Saul enjoyed great scenery growing up but more importantly because of where he lived he received the best education of that day that money could buy. Saul from an early age was already leaps and bounds ahead of his peers academically. Saul had a sharp mind and we will see he used that later on his ministry, and the writing of Romans which I believe was written by the Apostle Paul. Paul was living the all around Jewish dream people would say as they heard about all he had. Paul’s Family We do not know much about the history and background of Saul’s family. We do however know that his dad was of one of the strictest tribe of the Jews. He was a Pharisee and also of the tribe of Benjamin. He had nothing but pure unmixed non tainted blood in their thinking. Paul’s Religion Act 23:6 But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee: of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question. His father was a Roman citizen, but we do not read in the Scriptures if the apostle Paul was wed or not. Saul grew up and finished his preliminary studies approximately at the age of thirteen. After this beginning he would gone to a prominent Jewish school to study law. Saul was privileged to have been able to study under the significant rabbi Gamaliel. It was here that he spent an immense amount of time pouring himself into his studies and where he learned many things. Historians tell us that Saul was already gaining political prowess and prestige rapidly ahead of his peers. Many people believe that Saul was already heavily involved in the Sanhedrin. Saul became an extreme activist and zealous about persecuting the church. This was partially ironic because we already know that Saul trained and learned from Gamaliel who taught the exact opposite of that. We see him standing up as one of the council saying: Act 5:34-35 Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space; And said unto them, Ye men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what ye intend to do as touching these men. Act 5:38-39 And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to nought: But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it; lest haply ye be found even to fight against God. Paul as a Persecutor Now that Saul was intent on persecuting the church he looked for Christians everywhere. Saul was a man that did no task half way. Saul would give everything in life one hundred and ten percent as we see evident all though the study of his life. Saul discovered one way or another that there were Christians in Damascus and so after a discussion with the chief priest he received orders or permission to take care of business. Saul was so dedicated that we see he is willing to make the one hundred and thirty mile trek to persecute the church. The chief priest gave him permission to go to Damascus and bring both men and women bound back to Jerusalem. Paul’s Conversion On this trip to Damascus is where Saul gets confronted with the truth and converted to the truth. The Lord stops him in his tracks and on his path by shining a bright light around him. The Lord asks him a question from Heaven,† Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? Saul falls to the ground under the power of the light and asks, â€Å"Who art thou, Lord?† and Jesus replies to him by saying,† I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. Right away Saul falls under intense conviction was converted and immediately asks the Lord what He would have him to do. On a brief side note this is an incredible testimony to the conversion and character of Saul. He would do everything one hundred percent and never give up until the Lord moved him and we see that every time he goes through a difficult situation (which was quite often) in his ministry. Saul’s name was eventually changed to Paul later on (which is the Gentile name) and he is temporarily blinded by the bright light. He fasts and goes without food or drink for three days. Scholars speculate it was there that he agonized and struggled but returned victoriously. A few days later he received his sight after Ananais put his hands on him and he was baptized. Paul’s Ministry He writes and informs us in Galatians that after his salvation experience he spent some time alone in the desert area of Arabia. After a period of some three years Paul is now charged up and ready to go. Many people speculate as to what exactly Paul did for those three years. We believe with research that is it safe to say that the Apostle Paul was deep in studying and learning more and more. Paul was a Pharisaical man before, but now after dealings with the Lord we see him as dry sponge soaking up the wisdom of the Word and becoming reading to dispense of it. Three years later he returned to Damascus and was ready to now preach boldly. Unfortunately they did not receive him kindly and he was forced to flee for his own personal safety. He left and went unto Jerusalem only to face the same result three weeks later. Paul was beginning to face the beatings and persecutions and torture that he had so readily dished out to the people to whom now he was called to minister. Paul was undergoing life altering events that did not even seem to faze him in the least possible way. The Apostle Paul was starting to really emerge and became quickly one of the leading missionaries for the faith. We see the church at Antioch catch spiritual fire and become burden for missions and those around them. They decided to send John Mark, Barnabas, and Paul on their very first missionary trip. This would revolutionize missions for ever after. Paul’s First Missionary Trip These three men would begin sailing from Seleucia across to Cyprus which was approximately eighty miles to the southwest. It was on this journey that Saul would no longer be called Saul but rather the Apostle Paul. The Apostle Paul took the lead role on this trip and took charge. They trekked across the mainland, and unfortunately for whatever reason John Mark left the missions field. The absence of John Mark would become a sore spot between Barnabas and the Apostle Paul in the future. However, the trip continued and they passed though Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Lycaonia. They turned the world upside down with their passion and mission trip. As they returned back home they retraced their steps visiting babes in Christ along the way and encouraged many churches. They would ordain elders within the church to act as an overseer in their presence to make sure all things would continue as they were. From the city of Perga they sailed unto Antioch. Paul’s Division After a while being in Antioch the Apostle Paul proposed that they return and check up on their brethren to see how they fared. The planning was going great and the trip was sure to be even bigger and better than the first until it came to a screeching halt. For the aforementioned reasons there was a sharp division between the two. Barnabas wanted to take John Mark, his cousin, and give him another chance, but the Apostle Paul was quick to remember what happened last time when John Mark bailed on them. The division was so sharp that they parted company Paul’s Second Missionary Trip Paul began his second missionary journey with a new missionary partner, Silas. Barnabas took his cousin and went on a missionary journey separate. The Apostle Paul began this missionary trip about A.D. 51. Each missionary tour that Paul took he wanted to stay out a little longer and go a little further in to the mission field. After each missionary trip he would return to Antioch give reports to the churches and check up on and encourage the brethren. Paul’s Third Missionary Trip On this third missionary trip he toured the upper coast of Asia Minor as he made his way slowly to Ephesus. As we said earlier each trip the apostle Paul wanted to stay longer and longer on the mission field and this trip was no different. He tarried there with the brethren for three years ministering to them. Like the other trips he suffered much persecution here as well. It seems that this trip might have had the most severe torture as Paul was getting older the beatings were becoming more severe and the hurled rocks would only hurt that much more against his bare sun beat back. Paul suffered so much on his mission’s trips yet he always wanted to do more and he maintained a joyful attitude despite his circumstances. Conclusion The Apostle Paul was a man that experienced great transformation in his life. He was a Pharisee of the Pharisee’s and Hebrew and on his way to Hell. God miraculously saved him on his way to persecute the church and turned his life around. Paul was a zealous man with a lot of passion whatever he did and the ministry was no different. Paul went on multiple missionary trips leading many people to Jesus. He challenged the churches, established order when necessary and revolutionized missions. The Apostle Paul is someone we should model our missions after. He had a desire to please God and did whatever it took to lead the churches in the way of truth. Paul truly lived a life that daily was â€Å"back to Acts†. And He was a real man because he preached Christ and Him crucified. May we all be as dedicated to the cause of Christ as we saw in this paper that The Apostle Paul was to Jesus Christ his Lord and Saviour.

Position of FE Line and IS Curve Analysis

Position of FE Line and IS Curve Analysis The employees choose to work when the organizations offer high wages to them and on the other hand organizations have a preference to hire employees while the wage rate is low, the labor market equilibrium is to balance out the contradictory needs of employees and organizations and find out the wage rate and the employment examined in the labor market. The labor market equilibrium find out an amount of labor, and that amount of labor through the production function determines full employment level of output. As the level of output does not rely on the rate of interest the full employment line would be plotted as a vertical line in the graph. The first example of change in economy that would shift the FE line to right is the increase in labor supply, when the labor population increases the equilibrium employment also increases which in turn increases the full employment output and shifts the FE line to right. The second example of the change in economy is the increase in capital stock when the capital stock increases the additional output can be produced with the same number of labor and that would shift the FE line to right. Q2) What relationship does the IS curve capture? Derive the IS curve graphically and show why it slopes as it does. Give Two examples of changes in the economy that would cause the IS curve to shift down and to the left. The IS curve illustrates the correlation between the real interest rate and income for which investment is equals to savings. The graphical representation is based on the dependent variable which shows the income level and the independent variable which is rate of interest. The IS curve is drawn as down-ward sloping with the rate of interest (r) on vertical axes and the level of income (Y) on horizontal axis. Is curve represents the equilibrium point where total investment equals to total savings. Derivation of IS curve The saving curvature incline upward as the high rate of interest increases savings whereas an increase in income shifts the saving curvature to the right, because people save more when their income is more and the investment curvature slopes downward as the high rate of interest decreases the preferred capital stock which in turn decreases investment. At the higher level of income the saving curvature shifts to the right comparatively when level of income is low. The interest rate is lower at the increased level of income due to which the IS curvature slopes downward. The first example of the change in economy that would cause the IS curve to shift down and to left is due to taxes when consumer without considering future tax cut decreases the consumption it increases the savings and decreases the rate of interest that clears the good market. The second example of the change in economy is when due to the effective tax rate on capital investment decreases which also decreases the rate of interest and shifts the IS curve down and to the left. Q3) What relationship does the LM curve capture? Derive the LM curve graphically and show why it slopes as it does. Give two examples of changes in the economy that would causes the LM curve to shift down and to the right. The LM curve illustrates the relationship between rate of interest and income for which the asset market is in equilibrium. Like the graphical representation of IS the LM s graph also has two variables; the independent variable is income and the dependent variable is rate of interest. The LM curvature is upward sloping and characterizes the amount of money demanded which is equal to the amount of money supplied. Derivation of LM curve The LM curvature can be derive by projecting demand of money for different levels of income and the resulting equilibrium. If we talk about equilibrium it says that when income rises the demand for money increases and when the demand for money increase it makes people to sell their fixed assets so the cost of those assets decreases and the rate of interest increases. As the rate of interest increases the money demand decreases till the equilibrium is achieved and due to this the LM curvature slopes upward from left to right. The first example of the change in economy that would cause the LM curve to shift down and to the right is due to increase in nominal money supply, when money supply increases, it decrease the rate of interest and achieve the point of equilibrium where money supplied equals money demanded. The other example of the change in economy is when there is increase in expected inflation the money demand increases as well as the rate of interest increases and achieve the equilibrium that causes the LM curve to shift down and to the right. Q5) Define general equilibrium and show the general equilibrium point in the IS-LM diagram. If the economy isn t in general equilibrium, what determines output and the real interest rate? What economic forces act to bring the economy back to general equilibrium? The general equilibrium is when FE line, IS curvature and the LM curvature intersects. It is indicated that outside variations are quite sensitive to the perseverance of interest rate and the output. The economic forces such as price adjustments in IS-LM model in terms of increase in government purchases and real money supply will work to bring back the economy back to general equilibrium. Q7) What two variables are related by the aggregate demand (AD) curve? Why does the AD curve slope downward? Give two examples of changes in the economy that shift the AD curve up and to the right and explain why the shifts occur. The two variables that are related to aggregate demand are price and income. The AD curve slopes downward because the AD curve considers the IS-LM illustration in which the LM curvature is drawn for fixed level of prices if price changes then LM curvature also shifts. At different levels of prices the IS-LM junctions determines the income level with various prices. The income and price on the graph gives the aggregate demand. For example any variable like the rate of interest or income except price that moves IS or LM from their original position it would also shift aggregate demand, the way of movement is determined by identifying the change in IS-LM model like if there is an increase in income level it shows the movement in IS-LM graph. Therefore IS and LM meet at higher income level, then the aggregate demand curvature moves to the right.

Enterprise Collaboration Tool Analysis

Enterprise Collaboration Tool Analysis Abstract: Enterprise Collaboration Tool is rethinking how technology can help companies manage customer relationships. ECT, the market leading CRM application, delivers a feature-rich set of business processes that enhance marketing effectiveness, drive sales performance, improve customer satisfaction and provide executive insight into business performance. Supported by deep collaboration and administration capabilities that adapt to how your company operates, ECT is delighting customers of all sizes across a broad range of industries. Enterprise Collaboration Tool is a powerful modular Internet/Intranet application framework. It features a scheduler, Meetings, Messaging, address book, file upload and download and feedback. Everything is designed to collaborate online. Objective Effective planning and scheduling of time bound work and monitoring the work done by the employees and effective use of online system to communicate and collaborate with the members of other centers of a decentralized organization. Scope System with adaptability to any organization to monitor the work done by people with respect to time and also assigning work. Features Captures daily work done by employees Provides communication module. Summary reports on work done by employees. Attendance report based on the entered work details. Online work log entry and work assignment. Address book to store the contact numbers and personal info Scheduler to keep mark notes on a particular day. Feedback, which ensures the management to look up the comments by the employee. Uploading and downloading facility Information about all the existing branches of the organization. The newsletters regarding the day-to-day affairs of the organization. The proposed Enterprise Collaboration Tool consists of a login screen from which the users and administrator could logon in to the system. In this System, the users are given different roles. Each role is associated with some services. The various roles are administrator employee, programmers etc. Admin is the head of all branches and is responsible for user management and branch administration. The Enterprise Collaboration Tool process starts with the creation of users and mapping their roles from the administrator login. The system will maintain the check-in time and checkout time daily and will allow the users to enter their worklog daily and has a provision to enter the yesterdays worklog details also (exemption given to enter backlogs of previous day). Company Profile: Verza Soft is quickly emerging as an innovative and essential business software applications development resource. Since 1985, Verza Soft has provided custom design, implementation and support solutions to a variety of information management industries and business environments. Experienced and intuitive, the professionals at Verza Soft understand how fast technologies change and we remain committed to solving the unique information management application challenges of todays business world while developing and evolving strategies for tomorrows. With over twenty combined years of professional software development experience, the principals at Verza Soft are business applications authorities. As specialists, weve learned to anticipate individual client application needs and design software suites to complement virtually every hardware technology. We offer 24-hour customer service and employ a qualified team of trainers, technicians and creative designers who assist in developing the comprehensive, user-friendly software programs that distinguish Verza Soft as the perfect answer to the often puzzling questions inherent in contemporary information management technologies. Weve been working on an offshore development model from day 1 and have perfected the process of onsite-offshore interaction over the past seven years. Our services are highly cost effective enabling our clients to get the best value for their money Working primarily within Sun family of productsto combine expert use of hardware technology and state-of-the-art software, Verza Soft is ware its at! From software programming and applications development including custom Internet integration to system architecture and technical design, through continuous support solutions, Verza Soft pieces together todays information management puzzle to create optimal, full integrated, interactive packages that best meet global business demands. Working one-on-one, we can develop innovative applications that not only satisfy your specific business requirements, but also complement your companys investment in essential information management technologies. Were dedicated to making you look good custom design ware by Verza Soft its the solution that fits! Verza Soft understands the significance of a good quality assurance (QA) process for creating world-class products. With hundreds of person-years of experience in the field of testing, it has expertise in the development and execution of tests for applications in the client/server, internet/web and the mobile space, using both automated and manual methodologies. Functional testing verifies whether a product/application performs as per specifications System Analysis: Existing System Here the existing system is nothing but a manual system using which the administrator task from the main branch becomes more complex to prepare schedules for all the employees working in different branches and sent them manually and tracking their status. Generating the different reports by co-relating different things is a tedious process. In this system the sub center individually manually maintains their database regarding employees daily work log, scheduled work, progress of work, attendance, leaves, payments etc.. and sends reports to the main centre through email attachments or by post. Unless and until the main centre manager receives reports from sub centers, he is unable to take decisions regarding employees and their salary, promotions, meetings, daily schedules, scheduled projects, customer details etc. Drawbacks: Doesnt provide effective co-ordination between different branches Doesnt provide role based security for the data Generating different kinds of reports becomes more complex Doesnt provide effective communication for our employees with in the company Doesnt allow the administrator to monitor overall activities of the company. These drawbacks of the existing system leads to the present web based application called Enterprise Collaboration Tool. There by the management is now relieved from all tensions from which they faced previously. Proposed System The proposed system is a software solution for the existing system. It is a powerful modular Internet/Intranet application framework which provides good co-ordination between our branches and allows the administrator to effectively track activities of the company. It features a scheduler, Worklog, Meetings, Messaging, address book, file upload and download and feedback. Everything is designed to collaborate online. Advantages: Provides effective co-ordination between different branches regarding work schedules through scheduler and worklog facilities. Improves the quality in planning and managing works Generating different reports will be very easy Provides a facility for the administrator to track overall activities of the company Provides good communication channel for the employees to interact with in the company Provides upload and download facilities to share the documents Provides a facility to collect the feedback from the employees Provides a facility for the employees to maintain the contacts in their address book. Feasibility Steady Feasibility steady is an important phase in the software development process. It enables the developer to have an assessment of the product being developed. It refers to the feasibility study of the product in terms of out comes of the product, operational use and technical support required for implementing it. Feasibility study should be performed on the basis of various criteria and parameters. The various feasibility studies are: Economic Feasibility Operational Feasibility Technical Feasibility Economic Feasibility: It refers to the benefits or outcomes we are deriving from the product as compared to the total cost we are spending for developing the product. If the benefits are more or less the same as the older system, then it is not feasible to develop the product. In this product if we have developed this application then the amount of time spent in preparing the schedules, sending it different branches and monitor the work will be reduced which indirectly increases the production for the company. Operational Feasibility: It refers to the feasibility of the product to be operational. Some products may work very well at design and implementation but may fail in the real time environment. It includes the study of additional human resource required and their technical expertise. This application will also work in any environment with out any problems since we are implementing this project in java language. Technical Feasibility: It refers to whether the software that is available in the market fully supports the present application. It studies the pros and cons of using a particular software for the development and its feasibility. It also studies the additional training needed to be given to the people to make the application work. For this project we need not recruit any additional staff to make use of this application. If we train our staff for one hour then it will be enough to work with application. Since this application uses the softwares which are already used by the company so that the company need not purchase new software to run this project. Software and Hardware Requirements: HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Pentium IV processes architecture 1. 512 MB RAM. 2. 160 GB Hard Disk Space. 3. Ethernet card. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Database : Oracle 10g XE Web Server : Apache Tomcat 5.0 Front end : JSP / Servlets, J2SDK 1.5, HTML, Java Script Functional Requirements Non Functional Requirements: Functional Requirements The main purpose of functional requirements within the requirement specification document is to define all the activities or operations that take place in the system. These are derived through interactions with the users of the system. Since the Requirements Specification is a comprehensive document contains a lot of data, it has been broken down into different Chapters in this report. But the general Functional Requirements arrived at the end of the interaction with the Users are listed below. A more detailed discussion is presented in the Chapters, which talk about the Analysis Design of the system. The system holds the details of the employees and their braches. It holds the schedules of different employees of the company. It holds the details of all works done by the employees. The system allows the administrator to manage different users. It also allows the administrator to prepare the schedules and assigns them to different employees. It allows the administrator to post the meeting details which will be displayed for all the employees. It allows the employees to store the customer contacts in their address book. It allows the administrator and employees to share the documents using upload and download facilities. It allows the employees to post their feedback It allows the administrator to view customer feedbacks. It allows the administrator to broadcast the news information It allows the employees to send a message to other employees or a group of employees at once. It allows the administrator to view work pending report NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: The non-functional requirements consist of Constraints. Guidelines. Constraints These are the requirements that are not directly related to the functionality of the system. These should be considered as mandatory when the system is developed. The following Constraints were arrived at for the system: The system should be available over the intranet so that the Users like the administrator employees can use the system from their respective locations which could be with in the company. For gaining entry into the system the employees should be registered by the administrator and should be able use login passwords for gaining access to the system. The users should be able to change their passwords for increased security. The system should be easy to understand and organized in a structured way. The users should also receive appropriate messages about any errors that occur. There should be no limitation about the hardware platform that is to be used to run the system. Data integrity should be maintained if an error occurs or the whole system comes down. Guidelines We have discussed mandatory requirements in the previous section. The requirements in this section should be taken as suggestions they should be thought of as recommendations to further enhance the usability of the system. The system should display a menu for users to choose from. The system should display users requests in a reasonable time. Services of the system should be available 24 hours a day. The system should be designed in such a way that it is easy to enhance it with more functionality. It should be scalable easily maintainable. Execution Methodology Methodology The different phases of the implementation of the project here is Phase 1 Business Process Requirements analysis Phase 2 System Requirements Specifications Phase 3 Design and Development Phase 4 Testing Debugging Phase 5 Implementation Phase 1 Business Process Requirements analysis Business Process Requirements analysis is the phase when the relevant business area is studied in detail. This process brings out the gaps between the existing systems and identifies the areas where the business operations should be modified, keeping in view the way it needs to be carried out to encounter the problems during this phase the required documents are prepared defining the existing and required setup for the project Phase 2 System Requirements Specifications The information about the requirements is collected which contains the information about the current user system and the proposed system as seen from the user perspective. At the end of this phase a detailed requirement specification document is prepared and approved. Phase 3 Design and Development In this phase the framework for the design of the proposed product is designed to meet the requirements specifications documented. The product is developed as per the framework to meet the objectives of the system requirement specifications approved. Phase 4 Testing Debugging This phase contains the preparation of test cases and the standards of testing. The end users using the dummy User Ids carry out the testing. Phase 5 Implementation The project enters the implementation phase when the product is ready to be implemented/piloted on the production environment and after thorough training to all the end users the product is implemented Project Estimates The estimated time lines for completing the implementation of the application identified and its approach is enumerated as below Phase Duration in weeks 1 Business Process Req.Analysis 2 System Requirements Specifications 3 Design and Development 4 Testing Debugging 5 Implementation Dubious use of the System If the user is deliberately going to handle the system improperly, like he can enter incorrect time/out or he may submit wrong worklog or feedback. The System is to be further developed to countercheck the employees entries with that of the local authorities. System Design: Logical Design Design for WebApps encompasses technical and non-technical activities. The look and feel of content is developed as part of graphic design; the aesthetic layout of the user interface is created as part of interface design; and the technical structure of the WebApp is modeled as part of architectural and navigational design. Dix argues that a Web engineer must design an interface so that it answers three primary questions for the end-user; Where am I? The interface should (1) provide an indication of the WebApp has been accessed and (2) inform the user of her location in the content. What can I do now? The interface should always help the user understand his current options- what functions are available, what links are live, what content is relevant. Where have I been; where am I going? The interface must facilitate navigation. Hence it must provide a â€Å"map† of where the user has been and what paths may be taken to move else where in the WebApp. Design goals- the following are the design goals that are applicable to virtually every WebApp regardless of application domain, size, or complexity. Simplicity Consistency Identity Visual appeal Compatibility. Design leads to a model that contains the appropriate mix of aesthetics, content, and technology. The mix will vary depending upon the nature of the WebApp, and as a consequence the design activities that are emphasized will also vary. The activities of the Design process; 1. Interface design-describes the structure and organization of the user interface. Includes a representation of screen layout, a definition of the modes of interaction, and a description of navigation mechanisms. Interface Control mechanisms- to implement navigation options, the designer selects form one of a number of interaction mechanism; a. Navigation menus b. Graphic icons c. Graphic images Interface Design work flow- the work flow begins with the identification of user, task, and environmental requirements. Once user tasks have been identified, user scenarios are created and analyzed to define a set of interface objects and actions. 2. Aesthetic design-also called graphic design, describes the â€Å"look and feel† of the WebApp. Includes color schemes, geometric layout. Text size, font and placement, the use of graphics, and related aesthetic decisions. 3. Content design-defines the layout, structure, and outline for all content that is presented as part of the WebApp. Establishes the relationships between content objects. 4. Navigation design-represents the navigational flow between contents objects and for all WebApp functions. 5. Architecture design-identifies the overall hypermedia structure for the WebApp. Architecture design is tied to the goals establish for a WebApp, the content to be presented, the users who will visit, and the navigation philosophy that has been established. a. Content architecture, focuses on the manner in which content objects and structured for presentation and navigation. b. WebApp architecture, addresses the manner in which the application is structure to manage user interaction, handle internal processing tasks, effect navigation, and present content. WebApp architecture is defined within the context of the development environment in which the application is to be implemented. J2EE uses MVC architecture; 6. Component design-develops the detailed processing logic required to implement functional components. Modules: Scheduler Work Log Module: User Management Branch Management Module: Communication Module (Messages, Meetings, Notices Module News): Address Book Feedback Module: Reports Scheduler Work Log Module: This module helps in preparing the work schedules and monitors work simply by sitting at the main branch. It provides user friendly screens which include calendars to select the date. Once the administrator has added the work to the schedule then it will displayed to all the employees in all the branches. It will be easy for an employee now to know his work schedule, complete it and intimate it to the administrator by entering the work details in the work log so that the administrator can monitor easily. User Management Branch Management Module: This module helps the administrator to add new branch details to the database, edit the existing branch details and delete the branch. It also provides a facility to the administrator to add the employee details and create the logins for the required employees, edit the user details and the delete the user information from the database. Communication Module (Messages, Meetings, Notices Module News): This module provides a facility to the employees to communicate each other very easily by sending the messaged in this application. The messages provides options to send a message to another employee, view the message list, open a message a message, delete a message and send a message to all the employees in a group at a time. This module provides a facility to the employees to know the details of the meetings which are going to be conducted just by clicking view meeting details option in meetings link. The users can also post the meetings details at any point of time. This module provides a facility to the employees to send the notices prepared by one branch to another branch then these people can upload the notice document and that will be downloaded by another branch people. It is just like sharing the documents across the branches. This module helps the administrator to post the news details which will be displayed to all the users when ever they logged in. Address Book Feedback Module: This module provides a facility to the employees to store their individual contact details in the address book. It allows us to add, edit and delete the contact details in the address book. This module helps the users to post their feedback about a policy which was implemented by company from online and allows the administrator to view the feedbacks posted by all the employees. Reports: This module allows the administrator to view different kinds of reports according to his requirement. It generates the reports based on employees, employee work report, groups reports and employee report. Physical Design UML Diagrams Data Dictionary Data Modeling Overview A data model is a conceptual representation of the data structures that are required by a database. The data structures include the data objects, the associations between data objects, and the rules which govern operations on the objects. As the name implies, the data model focuses on what data is required and how it should be organized rather than what operations will be performed on the data. To use a common analogy, the data model is equivalent to an architects building plans. A data model is independent of hardware or software constraints. Rather than try to represent the data, as a database would see it, the data model focuses on representing the data as the user sees it in the real world. It serves as a bridge between the concepts that make up real-world events and processes and the physical representation of those concepts in a database. Methodology There are two major methodologies used to create a data model: the Entity-Relationship (ER) approach and the Object Model. Data Modeling In the Context of Database Design Database design is defined as: design the logical and physical structure of one or more databases to accommodate the information needs of the users in an organization for a defined set of applications. The design process roughly follows five steps: planning and analysis conceptual design Logical design Physical design implementation The data model is one part of the conceptual design process. The other, typically is the functional model. The data model focuses on what data should be stored in the database while the functional model deals with how the data is processed. To put this in the context of the relational database, the data model is used to design the relational tables. The functional model is used to design the queries, which will access and perform operations on those tables. Components of a Data Model The data model gets its inputs from the planning and analysis stage. Here the modeler, along with analysts, collects information about the requirements of the database by reviewing existing documentation and interviewing end-users. The data model has two outputs. The first is an entity-relationship diagram which represents the data structures in a pictorial form. Because the diagram is easily learned, it is valuable tool to communicate the model to the end-user. The second component is a data document. This is a document that describes in detail the data objects, relationships, and rules required by the database. The dictionary provides the detail required by the database developer to construct the physical database. Why is Data Modeling Important? Data modeling is probably the most labor intensive and time consuming part of the development process. Why bother especially if you are pressed for time? A common response by practitioners who write on the subject is that you should no more build a database without a model than you should build a house without blueprints. The goal of the data model is to make sure that the all data objects required by the database are completely and accurately represented. Because the data model uses easily understood notations and natural language, it can be reviewed and verified as correct by the end-users. The data model is also detailed enough to be used by the database developers to use as a blueprint for building the physical database. The information contained in the data model will be used to define the relational tables, primary and foreign keys, stored procedures, and triggers. A poorly designed database will require more time in the long-term. Without careful planning you may create a database that omits data required to create critical reports, produces results that are incorrect or inconsistent, and is unable to accommodate changes in the users requirements. Summary A data model is a plan for building a database. To be effective, it must be simple enough to communicate to the end user the data structure required by the database yet detailed enough for the database design to use to create the physical structure. 1) Table Name: LOGIN_TWM NAME DATA TYPE SIZE PRIMARY USER ID VARCHAR 10 PASSWORD VARCHAR 10 FNAME VARCHAR 15 LNAME VARCHAR 10 ADDRESS VARCHAR 40 PHONE NUMBER 15 MAILID VARCHAR 25 GROUPID VARCHAR 8 CREATED_DATE_TIME DATE LASTUSED_DATE_TIME DATE BNAME VARCHAR 15 2) Table Name: LOGINOUT_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USER ID VARCHAR 10 L_DATE DATE 3) Table Name: MESSAGES_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY SENDERID VARCHAR 15 RECEIVERID VARCHAR 15 M_DATE DATE SUBJECT VARCHAR 15 MESSAGE VARCHAR 50 4) Table Name: GROUPS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY GROUPID VARCHAR 15 GROUPNAME VARCHAR 15 5) Table Name: GROUPUSERS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY GROUPID VARCHAR 15 USERID VARCHAR 15 6) Table Name: MEETINGS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY M_DATE DATE M_TIME VARCHAR 10 PURPOSE VARCHAR 20 AGENDA VARCHAR 50 CONCLUSIONS VARCHAR 50 7) Table Name: SCHEDULAR_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USERID VARCHAR 15 S_DATE VARCHAR 25 SCHEDULE VARCHAR 50 8) Table Name: ADDRESSBOOK_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY LOGINID VARCHAR 25 USERID VARCHAR 25 FNAME VARCHAR 15 LNAME VARCHAR 15 ADDRESS VARCHAR 45 PHONENO NUMBER 15 OFFICEADD VARHCAR 45 OFFICEPHONE NUMBER 15 9) Table Name: WORKLOG_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY USERID VARCHAR 10 W_DATE DATE SLOTTIME VARCHAR 15 TASKS VARCHAR 45 10) Table Name: FEEDBACK_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY W_DATE DATE L_TIME VARCHAR 8 SUBJECT VARCHAR 15 COMMENTS VARCHAR 45 11) Table Name: NEWS_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY M_DATE DATE NEWS VARCHAR 49 12) Table Name: NOTICEBOARD_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY UNAME VARCHAR 15 FNAME VARCHAR 15 FCONTENT BLOB POSTED_DAT DATE MSGID NUMBER 4 13) Table Name: DOWNLOAD_TWM NAME DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY UNAME VARCHAR 15 FNAME VARCHAR 45 FCONTENT BLOB POSTED_DAT DATE MSGID NUMBER 4 14) Table Name: BRANCH_TWM NMAE DATATYPE SIZE PRIMARY BRANCH_CODE VARCHAR 15 BRANCH_NAME VARCHAR 25 E-R Diagram Technological Requirements: HTML HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based

When a Flower Blossoms :: essays research papers

When a Flower Blossoms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Shakespeare addresses the question of identity in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark through the characters of Hamlet and Ophelia. Although the play is centered on Hamlet’s struggle for identity, a more important issue is addressed through Ophelias’ struggle. She is ignored and left alone to find the truth about what it means to become a woman, while Hamlet receives constant concern while struggling with his identity issues as an adult. Her struggle of identity may be similar to his, but it is different in that she is not a man, but an adolescent girl who lives in a society that revolves around men. The dysfunction of her family, deterioration of her intimate relationship, ultimate death of her father, and absence of a mother figure worsen her internal struggles. She is an adolescent facing the internal conflicts of acceptance, identity, and self-worth, which commonly plague pubescent girls. Puberty for a young girl is perhaps the most difficult time of life, and is often misunderstood by adults. In society, men receive more concern than women do as they struggle to adulthood, which is demonstrated through the character of Hamlet. Adolescent girls often feel confused about their bodies and identity in that they are becoming different from boys for the first time. In Ophelia’s case, she is left completely alone to figure out what is happening to her body and to understand her emotions. If Ophelia were a man or a pubescent boy struggling with identity as is seen in Hamlet throughout the play, she possibly would have survived these tragic situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most devastating moment for her was when Hamlet no longer appeared to be her safe haven. She thought that she could trust him and some how he would help her get through her confusion of adolescence, and therefore, make her way to adulthood. She proves her naivete in the way she reacts to him when he attacks her in her room and she does not fight back, but instead runs to her father, Polonius, for comfort and safety. His motives as a father are not what they need to be to help her understand what has just happened to her. Instead of comforting or explaining to her what has happened, he feels that he needs to defend the idea of her being a whore, and more importantly his ability to raise an upstanding young woman.

The Articles of Confederation Essay -- articles of confederation, cent

A few hundred years ago, the United States first Constitution, the Articles of Confederation, was created. This Constitution created a weak central government in order to give the people the rights that they deserve. This plan of government, however, proved to be too weak and it could not control the people or pay the debts that the country had acquired from the Revolutionary War. One of the many problems of the Articles of Confederation was that it had no power to collect taxes(wikipedia.org). This made the new nation go in huge debt because it had no way of paying the army for their services in the Revolutionary War. The United States did receive some money from neighboring countries in order to pay of the debt and they had also gotten a few pence from the states, but this was insufficient and they still could not pay their debt. Another problem of the Articles of Confederation was that it could not enforce its laws and make the states pay the money that they promised the government. One of the many effects that this problem made was Shays' Rebellion. This rebellion was caused by the taxes that the government made. It stated that everybody must pay for the taxes or they would have their land taken away from them and be sent to jail. This angered the farmers since they could not pay the taxes, and so, this rebellion was formed. In order to prevent any further outbreaks from occurring, our Founding Fathers got together to form a convention, which was called the Constitutional Convention. This convention was to be held to fix the government and stop other occurrences, such as Shays' Rebellion, from ever happening again. When the Founding Fathers went to Philladelphia, they quickly decided that their gov... ...ticles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States. A few years later, the Founding Fathers found out that the Articles weren't working as they had in mind and they then went to Philladelphia to revise it. When they go there, there were many disagreements about slavery and representation. To stop these arguments, the Connecticut and the Three-fifths Compromise was made. Then, all but Virginia and Washington agreed to ratify the Constitution because it had no Bill of Rights. To fix this problem, James Madison then promised to create a Bill of Rights to protect the people and ensure that there new government would never again turn into one like Great Britain's. Works Cited The Articles of Confederation, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation The U.S. Constitution, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution

Essay --

O’Connor’s background impacted her writing style of southern cultures in her short stories. Being born and growing up in the south played Born into an Irish Catholic family; Flannery O’Connor grew up alongside her encouraging and supportive father, Ed, and her overprotective, proper mother, Regina. She was the only child and of devoted Roman Catholic parents. O’Connor is a Georgia girl; her younger years were spent in Savannah, Georgia until the family relocated to Milledgeville, Georgia when her father was diagnosed with degenerative lupus. Much of her childhood was spent with her mother having a close look on her, overbearing her welcome. Behind her bold attitude â€Å"was a precocious, gifted and shy loner struggling to assert herself against the expectations of â€Å"proper† Southern womanhood,† (Desmond 151). Unfortunately, her graduate school days at Iowa University were put to a halt when she was diagnosed with lupus at age twent y-five. At this point in her life she moved back to live with her mom on a dairy farm right next to Milledgeville. O’Connor’s time spent growing up in Savannah and with her mom on a dairy farm has allowed her to develop characters, settings and scenes from her native south especially the properness and mannerisms established. Besides the culture effect and another big part of O’Connor’s short stories was her religious background. Although it was not until two years after her father’s death that O’Connor’s creative and inventive talents swiftly came alive as well as her deep profound faith. John F. Desmond was one hundred percent correct when he said, â€Å"writing was for her a spiritual vocation, success or failure to be measured by the fidelity to God and not by human standards,† (Desmond, 152). Not ... ...ut ten feet above and they could see only the tops of trees on the other side of it. Behind the ditch they were sitting in there were more woods, tall and dark and deep.† (O’Connor 359). The tall, dark and deep woods are a parallelism to the lack of faith and moving forward in it. Three shots and the grandmother was silent. The grandmother’s death signifies the rising of Christ. Although she didn’t always live a Christian lifestyle, the third shot it was almost as if she became alive spiritually. O’Connor’s illustrates the scene, â€Å"†¦her face smiling up at the cloudless sky. Without his glasses, The Misfit’s eyes were red-rimmed and pale and defenseless looking† (O’Connor 365). Smiling at the sky and eyes helpless, dead physically her facial expressions resemble that she spiritually came alive and rose like Jesus did, as if she was a believer accepting Him.